Acid, Base & Salt- Part 2

                                    

Chemical Properties 

(i) Reaction with metal:- 

* Reaction of acids with metal- When acids react with a metals then it give H₂ gas along with respective metallic salt. 

         format:-  Metal + acid → Salt + H₂

  e.g. :- When hydrochloric acid reacts with zinc metal then zinc chloride is produced along with Hydrogen gas. 

-> when sulphuric acid reacts with sodium metal then sodium sulphate is produced along with Hydrogen gas. 

* Reaction of bases with metal- Bases are usually metal oxides so when we say metals react with bases then it actually means a metal reacts with metallic oxides. thus, 

-> When zinc is heated in the presence of sodium hydroxide then sodium zincate is produced along with hydrogen gas. 

 -> When sodium is heated with sodium hydroxide in the presence of water then sodium aluminate is produced along with hydrogen gas. 

Note:- Bases don’t react with all metals to form salt and water. 

Formation of a Base 

-> When metal react with oxygen then it gives metallic oxide. 

 After that, On dissolution of metallic oxide in water produces corresponding base.

Test For Hydrogen Gas 

 -> Burning with pop sound is the characteristic test for hydrogen gas. When a burning candle bring near the gas and that gas burns with a pop sound, then it confirms that gas is Hydrogen. 

 Note:- When metallic oxide react with acid then respective metallic salt is produced along with water because metallic oxide is basic in nature and we know that, when base react with acid then salt and water are produced. 

    This reaction is known as neutralization reaction. 

   e.g. 

 (ii) Reaction with metal carbonate:-

 

* Reaction of acids with metal carbonate- When acids react with a metal carbonates then it produce H₂O and CO₂ along with respective metallic salt.                 Format- Metal carbonate + Acid → Salt + Carbon dioxide + Water. 

e.g. -> When sodium carbonate react with hydrochloric acid then sodium chloride is produced along with  H₂O and CO₂. 

 

-> When sodium carbonate react with nitric acid then sodium nitrate is produced along with H₂O and CO₂. 

 (iii) Reaction with metal bicarbonate:- 

 * Reaction of acids with metal bicarbonate- When acids react with a metal bicarbonates then it also produce H₂O and CO₂ along with respective metallic salt.      Format- Acid + Metal bicarbonate → Salt + Carbon dioxide + Water. 

e.g. -> When sodium bicarbonate react with sulphuric acid then it also produce sodium chloride along with H₂O and CO₂. 

   Note:- Difference between the reaction of metal carbonate and metal bicarbonate is that reaction of metal carbonate produce effervescence CO₂ and reaction of metal bicarbonate produces brisk effervescence CO₂. 

 // Effervescence- It is defined as the evolution of gas bubbles in a liquid by any chemical reaction. //

// Brisk effervescence- It is defined as the rapid or vigorous evolution of gas in liquid by any chemical reaction. // 

 Note:- Bases don’t react with metal carbonate and metal bicarbonate. 

 Test For CO2 Gas -> Carbon dioxide turns Ca(OH)₂ (lime water) milky by formed a white precipitate when passed through it. 

                                            Or 

-> Carbon dioxide extinguish the burning candle or matchstick when passed through it. 

-> Hydracids- Those inorganic acids which contain hydrogen atoms are called hydracids. It doesn’t contain oxygen atoms. 

* It is written as “Hydro” + “name of non-metal” + “ic acid”. 

 e.g. HCl- Hydrochloric acid 

       HBr- Hydrobromic acid 

      HI- Hydroiodic acid 

      H2S- Hydrosulphuric acid or sulphuric acid 

Neutralisation reaction

-> When acid and base react with each other then respective salt is formed along with water. 

format:-     Acid + Base → Salt + Water 

   Since, the reaction between acid and base both neutralize each other, hence, it is also known as neutralization reaction.

   e.g. -> When hydrochloric acid react with sodium hydroxide then it produce sodium chloride along with H₂O. 

 -> When hydrochloric acid react with calcium hydroxide then it produce calcium chloride along with H₂O.

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