Uses of Past Perfect Tense

                                

1) Used when two past actions occur and it is necessary to emphasize that the 1^st action was completely finished before the 2^nd action started.

In this case, 1^st action -> Past Perfect Tense

                  2^nd action -> Past indefinite

Note:- Past Perfect tense + before/when + Past indefinite

          Past indefinite + after + Past Perfect tense

Formats 

* For Affirmative Sentences 

-> Past Perfect tense + before/when + Past indefinite

    Past indefinite + after + Past Perfect tense

e.g. डॉक्टर के आने से पहले मरीज की मौत हो चुकी थी।

    - The patient had died before the doctor came.

      जब मैं स्कूल पहुँचा घंटी बज चुकी थी। 

    - The bell had rung when I reached the school.

      मेरे आने के बाद वह चला गया था।

    - He went after I had come.

      ट्रेन आने के बाद वह स्टेशन पहुंचा था।

    - He reached the station after the train had arrived.

* For Negative Sentences 

-> Sub + had + not + V₃ + Obj + Other words + before/when + Past indefinite

                          or

-> Sub + hadn't + V₃ + Obj + Other words + before/when + Past indefinite

e.g. मेरे आने से पहले वह नहीं गया था।

    - He had not gone before I came.

      डॉक्टर के आने से पहले मरीज की मौत नहीं हुई थी।

    - The patient had not died before the doctor came.

-> Sub + did + not + V₁ + Obj + Other words + after + Past Perfect Tense

                          or

-> Sub + didn't + V₁ + Obj + Other words + after + Past Perfect Tense

e.g. उसके जाने के बाद राम यहाँ नही आया था।

    - Ram did not come here after he had gone.

* For Interrogative Sentences

-> Had + sub + V₃ + Obj + Other words + before/when + Past indefinite

-> Did + sub + V₁ + Obj + Other words + after + Past Perfect Tense

e.g. क्या डॉक्टर के आने से पहले मरीज़ मर चुका था?

    - Had the patient died before the doctor came?

      जब डॉक्टर आया तो क्या मरीज मर चुका था।

   - Had the patient died when the doctor came?

     क्या मेरे जाने के बाद तुम्हे मेरी याद आयी थी?

   - Did you miss me after I had gone?

      क्या मेरे पत्र लिखने के बाद पिताजी घर पर पहुँच चुके थे?

   - Did the father reach home after I had written my letter?

* For Interrogative-Negative Sentences

-> Had + sub + not + V₃ + Obj + Other words + before/when + Past indefinite

-> Did + sub + not + V₁ + Obj + Other words + after + Past Perfect Tense

e.g. मेरे आने के बाद सीता वहां क्यों गईं?

    - Why did sita go there after I had come?

* For Wh-word sentences

-> Wh-word + had + sub + V₃ + Obj + before/when + Past indefinite

-> Wh-word + had + sub + V₃ + Obj + after + Past Perfect Tense

e.g. सूरज डूबने से पहले आप कहां तक पहुंचे थे?

    - Where had you reached before the sunset?

      मेरे आने से पहले वह क्यों गया था?

    - Why had he gone before I came?

* For Wh-word Negative sentences

-> Wh-word + had + sub + not + V₃ + Obj + before/when + Past indefinite

-> Wh-word + had + sub + not + V₃ + Obj + after + Past Perfect Tense

e.g. मेरे आने के बाद सीता यहाँ क्यों नहीं गईं?

    - Why did Sita not go here after I had come?

      मेरे आने से पहले वह वहाँ क्यों नहीं गई थी?

    - Why had she not gone there before I came?

2) If the time interval is very less between the two past actions then "only Past Indefinite Tense" is used.

    Here, Only "before/when" words are used not "after".

e.g. खाने से पहले उसने अपने हाथ धोये। 

     - He washed his hands before he ate.

      जब मैने उसे पीटा तब वह मुझे गाली देने लगा। 

     - When I beat him he began/started to abuse me.

3) In this tense, Some words are commonly used. these are:-

Already- पहले ही/पहले से

Before- पहले 

Earlier- पहले 

Much earlier- बहुत पहले 

e.g. वह बहुत पहले वहाँ पहुँच चुका था/गया था।

     - He had reached there much earlier.

      मैंने पहले ही उसे आगाह कर दिया था।

    - I had already warned him.

      आपने मुझसे पहले खा लिया था।

    - You had eaten before me.

      उसने मुझसे पहले क्यों खाया था?

    - Why had he eaten before me?

4) It is used in "Conditional sentences" in which "Conditions" are not completed in the past.

e.g. यदि वह मुझसे मिलता तो मैं उसकी मदद करता। 

     - If he had met me, I would have helped him.

      यदि वह आगरा गया होता तो उसने ताजमहल देखा होता।

     - If he had gone to/visited Agra, he would have seen the Taj Mahal.

5) In different situations, the Past perfect tense is used as a past equivalent form of the present perfect tense.

e.g. 1. मैं दस दिनों से बीमार हूं।

    - I have been ill for ten days.

      मैं दस दिनों से बीमार था।

    - I had been ill for ten days.

      

       2. उसने दस साल से शराब नहीं पी है।

    - He has not drunk for ten years.

         उसने दस साल से शराब नहीं पी थी। 

    -  He had not drunk for ten years.

      

        3. मैंने 2007 से सेना में काम किया है।

    - I have served in the army since 2007.

          मैंने 2007 से सेना में काम किया था।

    - I had served in the army since 2007.